参考：

  1. Interpreting the output of lspci
  2. 深入PCI与PCIe之一：硬件篇
  3. 深入PCI与PCIe之二：软件篇
  4. lspci 详解pci拓扑结构与pci树形结构

lspci命令使用和解析

lspci在linux系统中查看PCI总线上连接设备信息的工具。一些常用的参数

  • –v：显示详细信息
  • –s：指定设备的PCI地址
  • –n：显示设备的PCI ID
  • –vv：显示更加详细的信息

常见的应用场景：

  1. 检测PCI设备是否正常工作：lspci命令能列出相关设备信息说明设备已经被识别
  2. 查看硬件配置信息：识别计算机的配置信息来正确的安装和配置相关设备的驱动程序
  3. 查找特定类型的设备：可查找特定类型的设备，列入-l参数列出网络相关的设备

其他同类型的工具：lshw，hwinfo，lspcmcia

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lspci
02:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless 7265 (rev 59)

lspci -D
0002:e8:00.0 PCI bridge: ----- Co., Ltd. Device 1610 (rev 01)
0004:48:00.0 PCI bridge: ----- Co., Ltd. Device 1610 (rev 01)
0004:49:00.0 Serial Attached SCSI controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic SAS3008 PCI-Express Fusion-MPT SAS-3 (rev 02)

Bus地址：[00:1c.0] 00表示总线编号（Bus Number），1c表示设备编号（Device Number），0表示功能编号（Function Number），三个编号都是采用16进制表示

理论上，一个Segment可以有256个Bus，每个Bus可以有32个Device，每个Device可以有8个Function；设备特别多的情况下会存在多个DomainNumber，或者使用lspci -D命令输出会带上DomainNumber

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lspci -nn 
00:19.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Intel Corporation Ethernet Connection (3) I218-LM [8086:15a2] (rev 03)

[0200]表示当前设备类型DeviceClass，[8086:15a2]表示设备的VendorID和Device
lspci命令会默认尝试读取/usr/share/hwdata/pci.ids.gz和/usr/share/hwdata/pci.ids文件，利用DeviceClass、VendorID:DeviceID去匹配相应的设备，这个设备清单是由https://pci-ids.ucw.cz/维护的，我们也可以直接去网站上去查询。

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lspci -vt
+-[0000:62]-+-00.0  Intel Corporation Device 09a2
 |           +-00.1  Intel Corporation Device 09a4
 |           +-00.2  Intel Corporation Device 09a3
 |           +-00.4  Intel Corporation Device 0998
 |           \-02.0-[63-75]----00.0-[64-75]--+-00.0-[65-6a]----00.0-[66-6a]----10.0-[67-6a]----00.0-[68-6a]--+-00.0-[69]----00.0  NVIDIA Corporation Device 20f3
 |                                           |                                                               \-1f.0-[6a]----00.0  LSI Logic / Symbios Logic Device 00b2
 |                                           +-04.0-[6b-70]----00.0-[6c-70]--+-00.0-[6d-6f]----00.0-[6e-6f]----00.0-[6f]----00.0  NVIDIA Corporation Device 20f3

-v参数会显示设备的供应商和名字，虽然Domain Number都是0000但是设备不一定连接到同一条总线上
参考图片：
image.png

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lspci -vvv
c0:00.0 Bridge: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1af1 (rev a1)
	Subsystem: NVIDIA Corporation Device 13b8
	Physical Slot: 1
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr+ Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B- DisINTx+
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 32 bytes
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 984
	NUMA node: 1
	Region 0: Memory at e2000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32M]
	Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3
		Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0+,D1-,D2-,D3hot+,D3cold-)
		Status: D0 NoSoftRst+ PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
	Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
		Address: 00000000fee01a98  Data: 0000
	Capabilities: [78] Express (v2) Endpoint, MSI 00
		DevCap:	MaxPayload 256 bytes, PhantFunc 0, Latency L0s unlimited, L1 <64us
			ExtTag+ AttnBtn- AttnInd- PwrInd- RBE+ FLReset- SlotPowerLimit 25.000W
		DevCtl:	Report errors: Correctable- Non-Fatal+ Fatal+ Unsupported-
			RlxdOrd+ ExtTag+ PhantFunc- AuxPwr- NoSnoop+
			MaxPayload 256 bytes, MaxReadReq 4096 bytes
		DevSta:	CorrErr- UncorrErr- FatalErr- UnsuppReq- AuxPwr- TransPend-
		LnkCap:	Port #0, Speed 8GT/s, Width x2, ASPM not supported, Exit Latency L0s unlimited, L1 <4us
			ClockPM+ Surprise- LLActRep- BwNot- ASPMOptComp+
		LnkCtl:	ASPM Disabled; RCB 64 bytes Disabled- CommClk-
			ExtSynch- ClockPM- AutWidDis- BWInt- AutBWInt-
		LnkSta:	Speed 8GT/s, Width x2, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
		DevCap2: Completion Timeout: Range AB, TimeoutDis+, LTR+, OBFF Via message
		DevCtl2: Completion Timeout: 50us to 50ms, TimeoutDis-, LTR-, OBFF Disabled
		LnkCtl2: Target Link Speed: 8GT/s, EnterCompliance- SpeedDis-
			 Transmit Margin: Normal Operating Range, EnterModifiedCompliance- ComplianceSOS-
			 Compliance De-emphasis: -6dB
		LnkSta2: Current De-emphasis Level: -6dB, EqualizationComplete+, EqualizationPhase1+
			 EqualizationPhase2+, EqualizationPhase3+, LinkEqualizationRequest-
	Capabilities: [100 v1] Virtual Channel
		Caps:	LPEVC=0 RefClk=100ns PATEntryBits=1
		Arb:	Fixed- WRR32- WRR64- WRR128-
		Ctrl:	ArbSelect=Fixed
		Status:	InProgress-
		VC0:	Caps:	PATOffset=00 MaxTimeSlots=1 RejSnoopTrans-
			Arb:	Fixed- WRR32- WRR64- WRR128- TWRR128- WRR256-
			Ctrl:	Enable+ ID=0 ArbSelect=Fixed TC/VC=01
			Status:	NegoPending- InProgress-
	Capabilities: [250 v1] Latency Tolerance Reporting
		Max snoop latency: 0ns
		Max no snoop latency: 0ns
	Capabilities: [128 v1] Power Budgeting <?>
	Capabilities: [420 v2] Advanced Error Reporting
		UESta:	DLP- SDES- TLP- FCP- CmpltTO- CmpltAbrt- UnxCmplt- RxOF- MalfTLP- ECRC- UnsupReq- ACSViol-
		UEMsk:	DLP- SDES- TLP- FCP- CmpltTO- CmpltAbrt- UnxCmplt- RxOF- MalfTLP- ECRC- UnsupReq+ ACSViol-
		UESvrt:	DLP+ SDES+ TLP+ FCP+ CmpltTO- CmpltAbrt- UnxCmplt- RxOF+ MalfTLP+ ECRC- UnsupReq- ACSViol-
		CESta:	RxErr- BadTLP- BadDLLP- Rollover- Timeout- NonFatalErr-
		CEMsk:	RxErr+ BadTLP+ BadDLLP+ Rollover+ Timeout+ NonFatalErr+
		AERCap:	First Error Pointer: 00, GenCap- CGenEn- ChkCap- ChkEn-
	Capabilities: [600 v1] Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=024 <?>
	Capabilities: [900 v1] #19
	Capabilities: [bb0 v1] #15
	Kernel driver in use: nvidia-nvswitch
	Kernel modules: nvidia_drm, nvidia
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lspci -xxx展示pci设备的配置空间，十六进制输出